The Chronological Revelation of the Holy Books in Islam
By: Yasher Solaiman
Islam recognizes a series of divine scriptures revealed by Allah (God) to His chosen Prophets throughout human history. These scriptures served as guidance for the people of their respective times, and each played a significant role in shaping the spiritual and moral framework of humanity. The Qur'an, as the final and complete revelation, affirms the existence and sanctity of the earlier scriptures. This article explores the chronological order of the five holy books mentioned in the Qur'an: the Suhuf (Scrolls), Tawrah (Torah), Zabur (Psalms), Injil (Gospel), and finally, the Qur'an.
1. Suhuf (Scrolls) – The Earliest Revelation
The Suhuf, or Scrolls, are the earliest known divine revelations mentioned in the Qur'an. They were given to two of the most revered Prophets: Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and Prophet Musa (Moses).
"Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, the scriptures of Abraham and Moses." — Surah Al-A'la 87:18-19
These scriptures are believed to have contained wisdom, commands, and moral guidance. While the contents of the Suhuf are not preserved in their original form today, their essence is respected and acknowledged in Islam.
2. Tawrah (Torah) – Revealed to Prophet Musa (Moses)
The Tawrah was revealed to Prophet Musa (Moses) and served as the divine law for the Children of Israel (Banu Isra’il).
"Indeed, We sent down the Tawrah, in which was guidance and light." — Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:44
The Tawrah provided comprehensive laws and was a source of wisdom for generations. Though the Torah known today may differ due to historical alterations, Muslims believe in the original Tawrah as a true revelation from Allah.
3. Zabur (Psalms) – Revealed to Prophet Dawud (David)
The Zabur, or Psalms, was revealed to Prophet Dawud (David). It is described in the Qur'an as a book of praise, wisdom, and spiritual songs.
"And to David We gave the Zabur." — Surah An-Nisa 4:163
The Zabur contained hymns glorifying Allah, reflections on life, and calls to righteousness. It emphasized spiritual devotion and praise of God.
4. Injil (Gospel) – Revealed to Prophet Isa (Jesus)
The Injil, or Gospel, was revealed to Prophet Isa (Jesus). In Islam, this refers to the original divine scripture given directly to Jesus, not the gospels written by his followers.
"And We gave him the Injil, in which was guidance and light and confirmation of what was before it in the Tawrah." — Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:46
The Injil confirmed the truth of the Tawrah while bringing new wisdom. It emphasized mercy, love, forgiveness, and faith in the one God.
5. Qur'an – Final Revelation to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
The Qur'an is the last and final revelation from Allah, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) over a span of 23 years.
"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah." — Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2
The Qur'an confirms and supersedes all previous revelations. It is considered the ultimate guide for all of humanity, encompassing law, spirituality, morality, and personal development. Unlike previous scriptures, the Qur'an remains unchanged and preserved in its original Arabic form.
Conclusion
The chronological sequence of divine revelation—Suhuf, Tawrah, Zabur, Injil, and finally the Qur'an—reflects the continuous guidance of Allah to humanity. Each book served a purpose for its time and people, culminating in the Qur'an, the eternal and universal message for all.
Muslims honor and believe in all these scriptures, as they are part of the core tenets of faith. Understanding their sequence not only deepens one’s appreciation of Islamic belief but also highlights the consistent message of monotheism, justice, and compassion throughout divine history.
The revelation of these books over time is a testament to Allah’s mercy and His ongoing communication with His creation. It encourages reflection, respect for all Prophets, and a commitment to live by divine guidance.
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